Asthma

Asthma is a long-term condition affecting the airways — the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. In asthma the airways can become swollen and narrower, making it harder to breathe [1]. It often starts in childhood but can develop at any age, and while it cannot currently be cured, it can usually be well managed with treatment [1].

The main symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and a tight chest [1]. Symptoms can come and go, vary from mild to severe, and are often worse at night or early in the morning [1].

Asthma symptoms can be set off by triggers, which vary from person to person. Common triggers include exercise, cold air, air pollution, smoke, chest infections and allergies to things such as pollen, dust mites, mould or animals [1]. A family history of asthma or allergies can increase the chance of developing it [1].

A GP or asthma nurse will ask about your symptoms, listen to your chest and may arrange breathing tests; you might also be asked to record readings at home using a peak flow meter [1]. Because symptoms often vary over time, a diagnosis can take a little while to confirm [1].

Inhalers are the main treatment for asthma, and most people are given a personal asthma action plan that explains how to manage their symptoms and what to do if they get worse [1]. Regular check-ups help make sure treatment is working [1]. This page does not recommend a specific inhaler or medicine — a healthcare professional can advise on the right treatment for you. Do not change how you use your inhalers without advice.

See a GP or asthma nurse if you think you may have asthma, or if your symptoms are getting worse or waking you at night [1]. During an asthma attack, breathing becomes very difficult and symptoms can become life-threatening — follow your action plan and use your reliever inhaler [1].