Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the UK. It affects the joints, causing pain and stiffness as the smooth cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones gradually roughens and thins [1].

The main symptoms are joint pain and stiffness, and sometimes swelling, tenderness or a grating sensation when you move the joint. It most often affects the knees, hips and the small joints of the hands, and symptoms vary from person to person [1].

The risk increases with age and is higher in women, in people who are overweight, and where there is a family history. A previous joint injury or another joint condition can also contribute [1].

A GP can often diagnose osteoarthritis from your symptoms and by examining the joint. Sometimes X-rays or blood tests are used to help rule out other causes [1].

There is no cure, but treatments can ease symptoms — including staying active with suitable exercise, losing weight if needed, and pain relief. Some people have physiotherapy, and in severe cases surgery such as a joint replacement may be considered [1]. A healthcare professional can advise on what is right for you.

See a GP if you have joint pain and stiffness that does not go away, so the cause can be checked and treatment discussed [1].