Pneumonia
Pneumonia is swelling of the lungs, usually caused by an infection. Many people recover at home, but it can be serious, especially for babies, older people and those with other conditions.
- Updated August 2026
- Clinical review pending
- 1 source
At a glance
- Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs, usually from an infection.
- Many people recover at home, but it can be serious for some.
- Get urgent help for severe breathing difficulty or blue lips.
On this page (5 sections)
Overview
Pneumonia is swelling (inflammation) of the tissue in one or both lungs, usually caused by an infection. It can range from mild to serious, and is more likely to be serious in babies, older people and people with other health conditions [1].
Symptoms
Symptoms can include a cough (which may bring up phlegm), difficulty breathing, a high temperature, chest pain, and feeling generally unwell. Older people may become confused [1].
Causes
Pneumonia is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection, and can sometimes follow flu or a cold. People over 65, and those with heart or lung conditions, are more at risk [1].
Treatment
Mild pneumonia can often be managed at home with rest, fluids and, for bacterial infections, antibiotics. Some people need treatment in hospital. Most people recover within a few weeks [1].
When to get help
Contact a GP or NHS 111 if you think you have pneumonia. Call 999 or go to A&E if you have severe difficulty breathing, are coughing up blood, have blue or grey lips or skin, or become suddenly confused [1].
Sources
- NHS. Pneumonia (opens in new tab) Last reviewed 17 July 2026. Accessed 12 August 2026.
About this page
- Written by
- Consumer Health editorial team
- Medical review
- Pending — this page has not yet been reviewed by a named clinician. Read our medical review policy.
- Last updated
- August 2026
- Next review due
- August 2027
Important: This information is for general guidance only and does not replace professional medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose or treat any condition. Always speak to a qualified healthcare professional — such as your GP or pharmacist — for advice about your individual circumstances, and do not start, stop or change any prescribed treatment based only on this page. If you think you are having a medical emergency, call 999. Consumer Health is an independent health-information resource and is not the NHS or a government body.
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