Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to ease pain such as headaches, period pain, toothache and strains and sprains, to calm inflammation, and to bring down a high temperature [1].

It comes as tablets, capsules, granules and a liquid to swallow, and also as gels, creams and sprays applied to the skin [1]. This is general information only — check with a pharmacist if you are not sure it is right for you.

• Taking ibuprofen with or just after food can reduce the chance of stomach upset [1].
• Using the lowest effective amount for the shortest time lowers the risk of side effects [1].
• Do not take it for a long time without medical advice [1].
• Ibuprofen applied to the skin as a gel or spray causes fewer side effects than tablets [1].

Many adults and children can take ibuprofen, but it does not suit everyone [1]. It may not be suitable if you have had an allergic reaction to it or other NSAIDs, a stomach ulcer, certain heart, liver or kidney conditions, or if you have asthma that is made worse by these medicines [1]. It is usually avoided in pregnancy [1]. If any of these apply, or you are unsure, check with a pharmacist or doctor first [1].

How much ibuprofen to take and how often depends on your age, why you are taking it and the strength of the product, so follow the packet or patient information leaflet [1]. There is a daily maximum that should not be exceeded, and doses need to be spaced out [1]. If you buy it yourself and your symptoms do not improve within the time stated on the label, speak to a pharmacist or doctor [1].

Common side effects can include indigestion or stomach ache, feeling sick and headaches; these are less likely with skin gels and sprays [1]. Taking ibuprofen for a long time or at high doses can increase the risk of stomach problems and other effects [1]. Stop and get medical help if you have signs of a serious reaction, such as black stools, vomiting blood or a severe allergic reaction [1].

Ibuprofen can interact with a number of medicines, including other anti-inflammatory painkillers, blood thinners, steroids, some antidepressants and certain blood pressure medicines, so it should not be combined with them without advice [1]. It is fine to take with paracetamol if needed [1]. Always tell a pharmacist or doctor what else you are taking before you start [1].

Suspected side effects from ibuprofen can be reported to the MHRA through the Yellow Card scheme, which helps keep track of medicine safety in the UK [2]. Seek medical help for any serious reaction as well as reporting it.