Paracetamol

Paracetamol is an everyday painkiller used for things like headaches, toothache, aches from a cold or flu, and other mild-to-moderate pain. It can also help bring down a high temperature [1].

It comes in several forms, including tablets, capsules, a liquid for children and adults who find tablets hard to swallow, and suppositories [1]. This page is general information and is not a substitute for advice from a pharmacist or doctor.

• Paracetamol usually starts to ease pain within an hour [1].
• Taken correctly it very rarely causes side effects [1].
• Taking more than the recommended amount can seriously harm the liver, so never exceed the dose on the packet or leaflet [1].
• Many cold and flu remedies also contain paracetamol — check labels so you do not take too much by accident [1].

Most adults and children can take paracetamol, and it is generally considered a suitable painkiller during pregnancy and while breastfeeding [1]. It may not be right for everyone — for example if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it, or if you have liver or kidney problems, or drink a lot of alcohol [1]. If you are unsure whether it suits you, ask a pharmacist or doctor before taking it [1].

How much paracetamol to take, and how often, depends on the person, their age and the form of the medicine, so always follow the instructions on the packet or the patient information leaflet [1]. There is a maximum amount that should be taken in a day, and it is important not to go over it or to take doses too close together [1]. If your pain lasts more than a few days despite taking paracetamol, speak to a pharmacist or doctor rather than taking more [1].

Side effects from paracetamol are uncommon when it is taken correctly [1]. Rarely, some people have an allergic reaction, or effects such as skin rashes or blood problems; very high doses can cause serious liver damage [1]. If you think you or someone else has taken too much paracetamol, get medical help straight away even if they seem well, as symptoms can be delayed [1].

Paracetamol can be taken alongside some other painkillers such as ibuprofen, but it should not be combined with other medicines that also contain paracetamol [1]. It can interact with a few medicines, including the blood thinner warfarin and certain other drugs, so tell a pharmacist or doctor what else you take — including remedies bought without a prescription — before starting it [1].

You can report a suspected side effect from paracetamol to the MHRA through the Yellow Card scheme, which helps monitor the safety of medicines in the UK [2]. If you have a serious reaction, seek medical help as well as reporting it.