Coronary angioplasty

A coronary angioplasty is a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries — the main blood vessels supplying the heart [1]. In most cases a short wire-mesh tube called a stent is inserted and left in place to help keep the artery open [1].

Angioplasty is used to treat coronary heart disease, where the arteries have become narrowed and hardened [1]. It can relieve the chest pain of angina and is also used as an emergency treatment during a heart attack to restore blood flow and improve the chances of recovery [1].

The procedure is usually done under local anaesthetic, so you stay awake but the area where the tube goes in is numbed [1]. Your team will tell you how to prepare, including anything you need to do about eating, drinking or your usual medicines [1].

A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is passed into an artery through a small cut in your groin, wrist or arm and guided to the narrowed part of the heart artery using X-ray pictures [1]. A tiny balloon is then inflated to widen the artery and a stent is put in place to hold it open [1]. The procedure usually takes between 30 minutes and 2 hours [1].

Many people can go home the same day or the day after a planned angioplasty [1]. You will usually be advised to avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activity and driving for a short period, often about a week [1].

Coronary angioplasty is generally safe, but as with any procedure there are some risks [1]. Serious problems are uncommon but can include bleeding, a heart attack or a stroke [1]. Your team will explain the risks in relation to your own health before you go ahead [1].