X-ray

An X-ray is a test that takes pictures of the inside of your body using a small amount of radiation [1]. Dense areas such as bone show up clearly, which is why X-rays are so useful for looking at the skeleton [1].

X-rays are commonly used to look at bones, teeth, the lungs and the digestive system [1]. They can help find broken bones, tooth decay, infections and blockages, spot a swallowed object, and guide doctors during some procedures [1].

You will usually be asked to remove any metal items, such as jewellery, hair clips or clothing with zips, as these can affect the images [1]. For some types of X-ray you may need to avoid eating beforehand or take a special preparation [1]. Tell the staff if you are or could be pregnant, or if you have any allergies [1].

A radiographer positions the X-ray machine over the area being examined and asks you to keep still while the image is taken, which only takes a few seconds [1]. You do not feel anything during an X-ray [1]. For some tests you may first be given a contrast agent, such as a barium drink, to help certain areas show up more clearly [1].

Sometimes results are available on the same day, but often the images are examined afterwards and a report is sent to the doctor who referred you, which can take a little longer [1]. A healthcare professional should explain what the X-ray showed and whether any next steps are needed [1].

X-rays are usually very safe and serious problems are rare [1]. A reaction to a contrast agent such as barium is possible but uncommon [1]. The dose of radiation is small, and having repeated X-rays carries only a very small increased risk of cancer over time — your doctor weighs this against the benefit before recommending one [1].