Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other parts of the body, most commonly around the ovaries, fallopian tubes and pelvis, and occasionally elsewhere such as the bladder or bowel [1]. It is a long-term condition and there is currently no cure, but treatments can help manage the symptoms [1].

Symptoms vary a lot from person to person. They can include pain in the lower tummy or back that is often worse during periods, very painful periods that stop you doing normal activities, heavy periods, pain during or after sex, pain when going to the toilet, feeling very tired, and difficulty getting pregnant [1]. Some people also experience low mood or anxiety [1].

It is not known what causes endometriosis [1].

A GP will ask about your symptoms and may examine you and arrange tests, and can refer you to a specialist (gynaecologist) if endometriosis is suspected [1]. Tests can include an ultrasound or MRI scan, and sometimes a laparoscopy — a procedure where a surgeon passes a thin camera through a small cut in your tummy to look inside, and which can be used to remove affected tissue at the same time [1].

Treatment aims to ease symptoms and can include painkillers, hormonal medicines such as some contraceptives, and surgery to remove patches of endometriosis if needed [1]. Support is also available, including help with pain, fertility and mental wellbeing [1]. A healthcare professional can talk through the options with you.

See a GP if you have symptoms of endometriosis, especially if they are severe or affecting your daily life, or if treatments you have tried are not helping [1].