Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery)

A laparoscopy is a type of keyhole (minimally invasive) surgery. A surgeon uses a small cut and a thin tube with a camera to look inside the tummy (abdomen) or pelvis, and can carry out treatment through further small cuts if needed [1].

It can be used to help diagnose conditions such as appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis and some cancers, and to carry out treatments such as removing the appendix or gallbladder, repairing hernias and some gynaecological procedures [1]. It is often chosen because recovery tends to be faster than with open surgery [1].

Your hospital team will explain how to prepare, including any instructions about eating and drinking beforehand. A laparoscopy is usually done under general anaesthetic, which means you will be asleep during it [1].

The surgeon makes a small cut, usually near the belly button, and gently inflates the tummy with gas so they can see clearly. A thin tube with a camera is passed in, and further small cuts may be made for surgical instruments. Afterwards the gas is released and the cuts are closed with stitches or clips [1].

Recovery time depends on the reason for the procedure. After a diagnostic laparoscopy many people recover within a few days, while more involved surgery can take several weeks. Your team will give advice on pain relief, wound care and returning to normal activities [1].

Laparoscopy is generally safe, but as with any procedure there are some risks. These are uncommon and can include infection, minor bleeding or bruising, and — more rarely — damage to an organ or blood vessel or a reaction to the anaesthetic [1]. Your surgeon can explain the risks in your situation.

After a laparoscopy, contact NHS 111 or your GP if you have a high temperature, worsening pain, or problems with the wound. Call 999 if you have chest pain or serious difficulty breathing [1].