Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term condition where the immune system attacks the joints, causing pain and swelling. Early treatment can help control it and prevent joint damage.
- Updated August 2026
- Clinical review pending
- 1 source
At a glance
- Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition affecting the joints.
- Early diagnosis and treatment help control symptoms and limit damage.
- It is different from osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear on the joints.
On this page (6 sections)
Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, it is an autoimmune condition, and it can lead to joint damage over time if not treated [1].
Symptoms
It commonly causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints — often the hands, feet and wrists. Symptoms can come and go in flare-ups, and some people also feel tired or generally unwell [1].
Causes and risk factors
The exact cause is not known. It is more common in women, where there is a family history, and in people who smoke [1].
Diagnosis
A GP will check your symptoms and can refer you to a specialist. Because early treatment is important, it helps to see a doctor promptly if you have ongoing joint symptoms [1].
Treatment and management
There is no cure, but medicines can reduce symptoms and slow the condition, and physiotherapy and occupational therapy can help you stay active. Good control also lowers the risk of complications [1]. Do not start or stop any prescribed medicine based on this page.
When to see a doctor
See a GP if you have joint pain, swelling or stiffness so the cause can be found and treatment started early [1].
Sources
- NHS. Rheumatoid arthritis (opens in new tab) Last reviewed 8 March 2023. Accessed 12 August 2026.
About this page
- Written by
- Consumer Health editorial team
- Medical review
- Pending — this page has not yet been reviewed by a named clinician. Read our medical review policy.
- Last updated
- August 2026
- Next review due
- August 2027
Important: This information is for general guidance only and does not replace professional medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose or treat any condition. Always speak to a qualified healthcare professional — such as your GP or pharmacist — for advice about your individual circumstances, and do not start, stop or change any prescribed treatment based only on this page. If you think you are having a medical emergency, call 999. Consumer Health is an independent health-information resource and is not the NHS or a government body.
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